Change in the nose areas in children with mouth breathing after nasal cleansing and massage. / Mudança nas áreas nasais em crianças com respiração oral após a limpeza e massagem nasal.

PURPOSE: To analyze the changes occurred in the nasal cavity geometry, before and after nasal cleansing, through nasal aeration and acoustic rhinometry in children with oral breathing. METHODS: Twenty children aged four to 12 years were included in the study. The gathering of participants was conducted at the Multifunctional Laboratory of the Speech Pathology Department of the Federal University of Pernambuco - UFPE. The following procedures were conducted: Identification Index of Signs and Symptoms of Oral Breathing; marking of nasal expiratory airflow using the graded mirror of Altmann, and examination of the Nasal Geometry by Acoustic Rhinometry. The same procedures were performed after nasal massage and cleansing with saline solution. RESULTS: Significant change was observed in the areas with respect to the nasal airflow on both sides after nasal cleansing and massage. As for nasal geometry, measured by acoustic rhinometry, comparison between the nostrils showed that the effect of cleansing and massage was discrete. CONCLUSION: Nasal aeration measures showed sensitivity to the cleansing and massage technique and measures of nasal geometry confirmed its effect on respiratory physiology.

Mudança nas áreas nasais em crianças com respiração oral após a limpeza e massagem nasal / Change in the nose areas in children with mouth breathing after nasal cleansing and massage

RESUMO A avaliação e quantificação das possíveis alterações da cavidade nasal são necessárias para o auxílio diagnóstico e tratamento de crianças que respiram predominantemente pela boca. O modo respiratório oral pode desencadear distúrbios da fala, deformidades da face, mau posicionamento dos dentes, postura corporal inadequada e alterações no sistema respiratório. Objetivo analisar as mudanças ocorridas na geometria das cavidades nasais, antes e depois da limpeza nasal por meio da aeração nasal e da rinometria acústica em crianças com respiração oral. Método Foram selecionadas 20 crianças com idade entre quatro e 12 anos. A coleta foi realizada no Laboratório Multifuncional do Departamento de Fonoaudiologia da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Foi aplicado o Índice de Identificação dos Sinais e Sintomas da Respiração Oral; marcação da aeração nasal por meio do espelho milimetrado de Altmann e o exame da geometria nasal por Rinometria Acústica. Depois da limpeza e massagem nasal com o soro fisiológico, foram realizados os mesmos procedimentos. Resultados Observaram-se mudanças significantes nas áreas relativas ao fluxo aéreo nasal em ambos os lados, após limpeza e massagem nasais. Quanto à geometria nasal, aferida por meio da rinometria acústica, o efeito da limpeza e massagem nasal mostrou-se discreto, quando feita a comparação entre as narinas. Conclusão As medidas de aeração nasal mostraram sensibilidade à técnica de limpeza e massagem e as medidas da geometria nasal confirmaram seu efeito sobre a fisiologia respiratória.

ABSTRACT The evaluation and quantification of possible changes in the nasal cavity can assist in the diagnostics and treatment in children who breathe predominantly through the mouth. The oral breathing mode can initiate speech disorders, facial deformities, poor positioning of the teeth, improper body posture, and changes in the respiratory system. Purpose To analyze the changes occurred in the nasal cavity geometry, before and after nasal cleansing, through nasal aeration and acoustic rhinometry in children with oral breathing. Methods Twenty children aged four to 12 years were included in the study. The gathering of participants was conducted at the Multifunctional Laboratory of the Speech Pathology Department of the Federal University of Pernambuco - UFPE. The following procedures were conducted: Identification Index of Signs and Symptoms of Oral Breathing; marking of nasal expiratory airflow using the graded mirror of Altmann, and examination of the Nasal Geometry by Acoustic Rhinometry. The same procedures were performed after nasal massage and cleansing with saline solution. Results Significant change was observed in the areas with respect to the nasal airflow on both sides after nasal cleansing and massage. As for nasal geometry, measured by acoustic rhinometry, comparison between the nostrils showed that the effect of cleansing and massage was discrete. Conclusion Nasal aeration measures showed sensitivity to the cleansing and massage technique and measures of nasal geometry confirmed its effect on respiratory physiology.

Aeração nasal e força muscular respiratória em crianças respiradoras orais / Nasal aeration and respiratory muscle strength in mouth breathers' children

Resumo:OBJETIVO:observar se existe relação entre força muscular respiratória e área da aeração nasal em crianças respiradoras orais.MÉTODOS:trata-se de um estudo do tipo observacional, transversal comparativo entre dois grupos. Participaram 32 crianças com Respiração Oral secundária à rinite alérgica (21 meninos e 11 meninas) e 30 respiradoras nasais sem rinite alérgica (09 meninos e 21 meninas), 7 a 12 anos, submetidas à avaliação da aeração nasal com o espelho de Altmann e à avaliação da força muscular respiratória com o manovacuômetro digital (MVD(r)30).RESULTADOS:não houve correlação entre aeração nasal e força muscular respiratória em cada subgrupo. Houve diferença comparando-se valores das pressões expiratórias máximas entre meninos e meninas respiradores orais (p=0,0064) e entre meninos e meninas respiradores nasais (p=0,0030). Também houve diferença das pressões inspiratórias máximas entre meninos e meninas respiradores orais (p=0,0324) e entre meninos e meninas respiradores nasais (p=0,0210).CONCLUSÃO:não foi possível confirmar a relação entre a área de aeração nasal e a força muscular respiratória nos respiradores orais.

Abstract:PURPOSE:to observe whether there is a relationship between respiratory muscle strength and degree of nasal aeration in Mouth Breathing children.METHODS:this is an observational and a comparative cross-sectional study. The subjects were 32 Mouth Breathing children with allergic rhinitis (21 boys and 11 girls) and 30 nasal breathing without allergic rhinitis (09 boys and 21 girls), 7-12 years, subjected to evaluation for nasal aeration with Altmann mirror and to evaluation of respiratory muscle strength with digital manovacuometer (MVD(r)30).RESULTS:there was no correlation between nasal aeration and respiratory muscle strength in each subgroup. There was difference comparing values ​​of maximal expiratory pressure between mouth breathers boys and girls (p=0,0064), and between nasal breathers boys and girls (p=0,0030). There was also difference maximal inspiratory pressure between mouth breathers boys and girls (p=0,0324), and between nasal breathers boys and girls (p=0,0210).CONCLUSION:it was not possible to confirm that there is a relationship between the degree of nasal aeration and respiratory muscle strength in Mouth Breathing.

Acoustic rhinometry in mouth breathing patients: a systematic review / O uso da rinometria acústica em respiração oral: revisão sistemática

INTRODUCTION: When there is a change in the physiological pattern of nasal breathing, mouth breathing may already be present. The diagnosis of mouth breathing is related to nasal patency. One way to access nasal patency is by acoustic rhinometry. OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the effectiveness of acoustic rhinometry for the diagnosis of patients with mouth breathing. METHODS: Electronic databases LILACS, MEDLINE via PubMed and Bireme, SciELO, Web of Science, Scopus, PsycInfo, CINAHL, and Science Direct, from August to December 2013, were consulted. 11,439 articles were found: 30 from LILACS, 54 from MEDLINE via Bireme, 5558 from MEDLINE via PubMed, 11 from SciELO, 2056 from Web of Science, 1734 from Scopus, 13 from PsycInfo, 1108 from CINAHL, and 875 from Science Direct. Of these, two articles were selected. RESULTS: The heterogeneity in the use of equipment and materials for the assessment of respiratory mode in these studies reveals that there is not yet consensus in the assessment and diagnosis of patients with mouth breathing. CONCLUSION: According to the articles, acoustic rhinometry has been used for almost twenty years, but controlled studies attesting to the efficacy of measuring the geometry of nasal cavities for complementary diagnosis of respiratory mode are warranted. .

INTRODUÇÃO: Quando há alteração no padrão respiratório nasal fisiológico, a respiração oral de suplência já pode estar presente. O diagnóstico da respiração oral vincula-se à permeabilidade nasal. Uma das possibilidades para avaliação da permeabilidade nasal é a rinometria acústica. OBJETIVO: Revisar, de forma sistemática, a eficácia da rinometria acústica no auxílio diagnóstico de pacientes com respiração oral. MÉTODO: Foram consultadas as bases de dados eletrônicas LILACS, MEDLINE via Bireme e via PUBMED, SciELO, Web of Science, Scopus, PsycInfo, CINAHL e Science Direct, de agosto a dezembro de 2013. Foram encontrados 11.439 artigos, sendo 30 da LILACS, 54 da MEDLINE via Bireme, 5.558 da MEDLINE via Pubmed, 11 da Scielo, 2.056 da Web of Science, 1.734 da Scopus, 13 da PyscInfo, 1.108 da CINAHL e 875 Science Direct. Desses, foram selecionados dois artigos. RESULTADOS: A heterogeneidade no uso dos equipamentos e materiais utilizados para a avaliação do modo respiratório nesses estudos mostra que ainda não há um consenso na avaliação e diagnóstico de indivíduos com respiração oral. CONCLUSÃO: De acordo com os artigos, a rinometria acústica é utilizada há quase vinte anos, porém são necessários estudos controlados que atestem a eficácia da mensuração da geometria das cavidades nasais como auxílio diagnóstico do modo respiratório. .

Acoustic rhinometry in mouth breathing patients: a systematic review.

INTRODUCTION: When there is a change in the physiological pattern of nasal breathing, mouth breathing may already be present. The diagnosis of mouth breathing is related to nasal patency. One way to access nasal patency is by acoustic rhinometry. OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the effectiveness of acoustic rhinometry for the diagnosis of patients with mouth breathing. METHODS: Electronic databases LILACS, MEDLINE via PubMed and Bireme, SciELO, Web of Science, Scopus, PsycInfo, CINAHL, and Science Direct, from August to December 2013, were consulted. 11,439 articles were found: 30 from LILACS, 54 from MEDLINE via Bireme, 5558 from MEDLINE via PubMed, 11 from SciELO, 2056 from Web of Science, 1734 from Scopus, 13 from PsycInfo, 1108 from CINAHL, and 875 from Science Direct. Of these, two articles were selected. RESULTS: The heterogeneity in the use of equipment and materials for the assessment of respiratory mode in these studies reveals that there is not yet consensus in the assessment and diagnosis of patients with mouth breathing. CONCLUSION: According to the articles, acoustic rhinometry has been used for almost twenty years, but controlled studies attesting to the efficacy of measuring the geometry of nasal cavities for complementary diagnosis of respiratory mode are warranted.

Masticatory Changes in Oral Breath Secondary to Allergic Rhinitis: Integrative Review

Introduction: The III Brazilian Consensus on Rhinitis (2012) defines allergic rhinitis as a nasal mucosa inflammation, mediated by immunoglobulin E, after exposure to allergens. The classic signs and symptoms of allergic rhinitis are nasal obstruction, watery rhinorrhea, sneezing, and nasal itching, often reversible either spontaneously or with treatment, and mouth breathing (breathing predominantly through the mouth, regardless of the cause, due to a nasal breathing impairment) in some cases. Objective: To evaluate the literature on masticatory changes in children with mouth breathing due to allergic rhinitis. Methods: We conducted a search of the past 10 years, at Bireme and MEDLINE databases, for articles that covered masticatory changes in children with mouth breathing secondary to allergic rhinitis. Results: We found 1,986 articles, including 15 repeated in databases, but only two articles met the inclusion criteria fully. Discussion: We found few studies to answer the question raised in this review, and those studies have some methodological limitations. Most articles claimed no have statistically significant differences in masticatory changes in this population. Conclusion: A better controlled study (isolating diseases, exposure time), with a larger sample (sample calculation appropriate), would be necessary to examine such changes...

Masticatory changes in oral breath secondary to allergic rhinitis: integrative review.

Introduction The III Brazilian Consensus on Rhinitis (2012) defines allergic rhinitis as a nasal mucosa inflammation, mediated by immunoglobulin E, after exposure to allergens. The classic signs and symptoms of allergic rhinitis are nasal obstruction, watery rhinorrhea, sneezing, and nasal itching, often reversible either spontaneously or with treatment, and mouth breathing (breathing predominantly through the mouth, regardless of the cause, due to a nasal breathing impairment) in some cases. Objective To evaluate the literature on masticatory changes in children with mouth breathing due to allergic rhinitis. Methods We conducted a search of the past 10 years, at Bireme and MEDLINE databases, for articles that covered masticatory changes in children with mouth breathing secondary to allergic rhinitis. Results We found 1,986 articles, including 15 repeated in databases, but only two articles met the inclusion criteria fully. Discussion We found few studies to answer the question raised in this review, and those studies have some methodological limitations. Most articles claimed no have statistically significant differences in masticatory changes in this population. Conclusion A better controlled study (isolating diseases, exposure time), with a larger sample (sample calculation appropriate), would be necessary to examine such changes.